As of January 1, 2025, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has overhauled its color vision screening requirements for pilot medical certification. All new pilot applicants must now undergo testing using computerized color vision exams, replacing the traditional Ishihara plates and other legacy tests. This policy change aims to modernize and standardize color vision assessment using digital, randomly-generated test images. In practice, this means that Aviation Medical Examiners (AMEs) and clinics that perform pilot physicals must update their testing methods and procedures to comply with the new rules. Below, we provide an overview of the changes, the approved testing options, key resources, and guidance for occupational health professionals (many of whom serve as or work with AMEs) to navigate these requirements.
Overview of the Policy Change and Impact
The FAA’s new policy mandates computerized color vision testing for first-time pilot medical exams. Previously, color vision was often checked with Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plate books or other static tests. These older tests have now been phased out in favor of computer-based tests that display pseudo-randomized color patterns on a computer or tablet. The goal is to ensure accurate and standardized results, thereby reducing the likelihood of applicants memorizing test patterns. Importantly, color vision screening is now essentially a one-time requirement for pilots. Since color vision deficiency is typically a stable, hereditary condition that does not worsen or improve with age, once a pilot has proven adequate color vision, they won’t need to re-test at each renewal. In other words, retesting is not required on subsequent medical exams after an applicant passes an approved color vision test or has passed a previously accepted test in the past.
Impact on current pilots: Most existing pilots are effectively grandfathered under the new policy. Any pilot who already holds a medical certificate with no color vision limitations (as of Dec 31, 2024) will not be required to take a new computer-based test when renewing. The FAA explicitly states that if a pilot previously passed any FAA-approved color vision test, the AME can simply mark “Pass” for color vision on future exams. These pilots continue flying without interruption – they do not need to be re-screened on the new devices. (In practice, some clinics may still use the familiar Ishihara plates for these return visits out of habit, but it’s not required by the FAA for those already proven to have normal color vision.) Pilots who had a color vision restriction or special authorization in the past also generally do not need re-testing unless they now seek a higher-class medical or to remove the limitation. For example, a pilot with a third-class certificate limited to daytime flying can keep renewing that certificate as-is, but if they later want an unrestricted first- or second-class medical, they would have to pass one of the new tests to qualify.
Impact on new pilot applicants: Every initial applicant for an Airman Medical Certificate (first, second, or third class) on or after January 1, 2025, must undergo a computerized color vision test as part of their exam. The AME must administer (or obtain results from) one of the FAA-approved digital color tests (explained below). If the applicant passes, no limitation is placed on the medical, and crucially, they won’t need to take the test again at future renewals. If the applicant cannot pass any of the approved tests, the FAA’s policy is to still issue a restricted third-class medical certificate, typically with a limitation “Valid for daylight VFR only” (no night flying or color-signal dependent operation). Such an applicant can later pursue a special authorization or appeal for higher certification, but the immediate outcome is that they can at least fly under daytime visual conditions. The FAA has published a helpful Color Vision Testing Flowchart (PDF) outlining these pathways for returning pilots versus new applicants (pass/fail outcomes, etc.).
https://www.faa.gov/ame_guide/media/Color_Vision_Testing_Flowchart.pdf
FAA’s official flowchart for color vision screening of pilots under the new rules (effective 01/01/2025). The left side outlines scenarios for returning pilots – most do not require retesting if they’ve previously passed a color vision exam. The right side shows the process for a first-time applicant, who must attempt an approved computer-based test. If they fail, the outcome is issuance of a restricted (“day VFR only”) 3rd class medical certificate.
The Three Approved Computerized Color Vision Tests
Under the updated guidelines, AMEs are only allowed to use three specific computerized color vision test systems for pilot evaluations. Web-based apps, non-approved printouts, or old tests not on this list are prohibited. The FAA-approved color vision tests (and the only options acceptable as of 2025) are:
- City Occupational Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) – A sophisticated computer-based color vision exam originally developed by City University in London. The CAD test measures the applicant’s ability to discern colored signals along both red-green and blue-yellow axes under an aviation-specific standard. It provides a numeric score indicating the severity of any color deficiency. (This system is the most elaborate and can be costly – it uses specialized hardware/software; FAA officials note the CAD equipment can exceed $10,000 in price.)
- Rabin Cone Contrast Test (RCCT) – A computerized color vision test developed for the U.S. military (Air Force, Army, Navy, Coast Guard). The RCCT evaluates color perception by testing each eye’s cone cell response to red, green, and blue stimuli at varying contrast levels. It generates a score for each color (0 to 100 scale); the FAA passing criterion is a score of 75 or higher for each of the red, green, and blue cone channels. This test has been used extensively in military aviation to screen pilots and is now approved for civil aviation as well.
- Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test (CCVT) – A modern digital version of color plate testing provided by Waggoner Diagnostics. This test runs on a computer or tablet (available for Windows, iPad, Android) and presents a series of pseudoisochromatic plates and other tasks in multiple sections. The Waggoner CCVT can detect and quantify red-green deficiencies (protan/deutan) and blue-yellow (tritan) issues, and even includes a Farnsworth D-15 arrangement component (though the D-15 portion is not used for FAA pass/fail). The FAA’s passing criteria for Waggoner’s test require the applicant to successfully identify a majority of the plates (at least 21/25 on the general screening, plus a minimum score on the tritan plates) or meet minimum scores on the specific protan, deutan, and tritan sub-tests if those are administered. The Waggoner CCVT is one of the more affordable options for clinics (roughly $1,000 for the software/license), making it a popular choice for AMEs looking to comply with the new rule.
Each of these three tests must be administered per the manufacturer’s instructions, and the test name and results must be documented in the pilot’s exam form (FAA Form 8500-8, Item 52/59). No other tests (for example, the old Farnsworth lantern or standard Ishihara book) are accepted for unrestricted certification after 2024. AMEs or clinics should acquire one of these approved systems if they plan to perform initial pilot exams going forward.
Testing Options and Resources for AMEs and Clinics
Implementing the new color vision requirement presents some practical challenges for medical practices. The need for specialized equipment or software is a significant change, and not every AME or occupational health clinic will immediately have these test systems on hand. The FAA anticipated this and provided guidance: if an AME does not have an approved test available, they can still proceed with the exam by having the applicant tested elsewhere and obtaining documentation. In such cases, the AME can issue a third-class medical certificate with a color vision limitation on the spot (daylight-only flying restriction), or direct the applicant to get tested by a qualified eye care provider and return with results to complete the certification. The key is that the computer-generated score report from an approved test must be provided for the FAA medical record.
Many AMEs are choosing to partner with local optometrists or ophthalmologists to comply with the rule. For example, one occupational medicine clinic noted that the cost and setup of the new testing systems were prohibitive for their office, so they refer new pilot applicants to an eye clinic (for the color vision test, and then complete the physical after receiving the results.
This approach allows pilot candidates to be tested on the approved devices without the AME having to purchase the equipment itself.
Kessler Optical is one such provider located in Champaign, Illinois that offers FAA-approved color vision testing; a pilot can undergo the test there and the eye doctor fills out the FAA Eye Exam Report (Form 8500-7) with the results for the AME. The pilot then brings that form back to the AME to finish the exam. Many routine vision insurance plans even cover the cost of this eye exam and test, easing the financial burden on the applicant.
For quick reference, the FAA has published an official Color Vision Testing Flowchart (available as a PDF on the FAA website) that graphically illustrates the decision process under the new policy. This flowchart can help you determine when a computerized test is needed and what to do with the results – it’s a handy guide for AMEs navigating the change (you can find it here: FAA Color Vision Testing Flowchart).
Additionally, the FAA’s Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners has been updated with detailed instructions and an FAQ on color vision changes. These resources are highly recommended for any clinic or provider involved in pilot medical exams.
Becoming an FAA Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) – A High-Level Overview
(For occupational health professionals interested in expanding their practice to include FAA exams, here’s a brief outline of how to become an Aviation Medical Examiner.)
What is an AME? An Aviation Medical Examiner is a physician designated by the FAA to perform flight physicals and issue aviation medical certificates. Many occupational health physicians serve as AMEs, given the overlap with workplace medical surveillance and physical exams. To become an AME, one must be a licensed physician (M.D. or D.O.) in good standing and then go through the FAA’s application and training process.
Basic steps to become an AME:
- Meet Eligibility Requirements: You must hold an M.D. or D.O. degree and an active medical license. Generally, some experience in aerospace or occupational medicine is helpful, but not mandatory for initial application.
- Apply through the FAA: Complete the online AME application via the FAA’s Designee Management System (DMS). In the application, you’ll provide your credentials and the location of your practice/clinic. The FAA evaluates needs by geographic area – you will be considered based on regional demand for AMEs. (If your area already has many AMEs, it may take time before you’re selected.)
- Await Selection and Confirmation: The FAA (through the Regional Flight Surgeon’s office) will review your application. You will be contacted if there is a need for a new AME in your region. It’s a good idea to keep your application up to date (refresh it at least once per year) while waiting. If selected, you’ll receive an invitation to proceed with training.
- Complete Required FAA Training: Before designation, physicians must complete two online prerequisite courses and then attend a 4½-day AME Basic Seminar in Oklahoma City. The seminar covers FAA medical standards, the certification process, and uses case-based learning to prepare you for real-world pilot evaluations. All prerequisites must be done prior to attending the in-person seminar.
- Designation and Practice: After successfully finishing the training and with FAA approval, you will be designated as an AME. You’ll be assigned an AME number and granted access to the FAA’s systems (like MedXPress and the AME portal) to start performing exams. New AMEs often start with third-class exams and build up experience; you are authorized to issue certificates if the pilot meets standards, or defer to the FAA if there are disqualifying conditions, per the FAA guidelines you’ve learned.
Becoming an AME is a significant professional opportunity – it allows you to directly contribute to aviation safety and can be a rewarding addition to an occupational health practice. If you’re considering it, reach out to your FAA Regional Flight Surgeon’s office for guidance (they can provide information on needs in your area and upcoming training sessions). The FAA also provides an “AME Seminar Schedule” and an information portal for prospective designees on its website.
see also: Looking for a Competitive Edge? Become a FAA Medical Examiner
In summary, the FAA’s new computerized color vision testing requirements represent a major update to pilot medical screening as we head into 2025. For occupational health professionals and AMEs, the key takeaways are: ensure you’re using one of the three approved tests for any new pilot applicants, understand that existing pilots are grandfathered from this change (no need to re-test those who’ve already proven their color vision), and make a plan for how you will administer or arrange these tests in your practice. Use the available resources – such as the FAA’s flowchart and guidance documents – to familiarize yourself with the procedure. If your clinic cannot invest in the equipment immediately, coordinate with local eye care providers.
By staying proactive and informed, you’ll help pilot applicants navigate the new requirements smoothly. This not only ensures regulatory compliance but also upholds the safety standard that all aviators have sufficient color vision to perform their duties. As always, feel free to reach out to experienced colleagues or FAA contacts if you have questions – as a community of occupational health and aviation medicine professionals, our goal is to support pilots through these changes while maintaining the highest levels of safety and care.
Important Resources:
- FAA Color Vision Testing Flowchart (PDF): “Guide for AMEs – Color Vision – Pilots Flowchart” – Visual decision guide for the new testing requirements (FAA, updated Dec 2024).
- FAA AME Guide – Color Vision Standards: “Item 52. Color Vision” – Detailed official guidelines on acceptable tests and disposition (FAA AME Guide).
- FAA AME Application (Become an AME): FAA Designee program info and requirements for physicians to become AMEs (application through DMS).
- Kessler Optical – Color Vision Testing: An example of an eye care clinic in Champaign, Illinois offering FAA-approved color vision tests for pilots (useful for referrals):
By leveraging these resources and understanding the new policy, you can confidently guide pilot patients and ensure compliance with the FAA’s 2025 color vision standards. Safe flying and successful examining!
